Template-Type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: E. Lance Howe Author-Name-First: E. Lance Author-Name-Last: Howe Author-Email: elhowe@alaska.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Alaska Anchorage Author-Name: James J. Murphy Author-Name-First: James Author-Name-Last: Murphy Author-Email: murphy@uaa.alaska.edu Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Economics, University of Alaska Anchorage Author-Workplace-Name: Institute of State Economy, Nankai University Author-Workplace-Name: Economic Science Institute, Chapman University Author-Name: Drew Gerkey Author-Name-First: Drew Author-Name-Last: Gerkey Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University Author-Name: Colin T. West Author-Name-First: Colin Author-Name-Last: West Author-Workplace-Name: Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina Title: Indirect Reciprocity, Resource Sharing, and Environmental Risk: Evidence from Field Experiments in Siberia Abstract: Integrating information from existing research, qualitative ethnographic interviews, and participant observation, we designed a field experiment that introduces idiosyncratic environmental risk and a voluntary sharing decision into a standard public goods game. Conducted with subsistence resource users in rural villages in remote Kamchatka Russia, we find evidence consistent with a model of indirect reciprocity and local social norms of helping the needy. When experiments allow participants to develop reputations, as is the case in most small-scale societies, we find that sharing is increasingly directed toward individuals experiencing hardship, good reputations increase aid, and risk-pooling becomes more effective. Our results highlight the importance of investigating social and ecological factors, beyond strategic risk, that affect the balance between independence and interdependence when developing and testing theories of cooperation. Creation-date: 2015-10 Number: 2015-04 Handle: RePEc:ala:wpaper:2015-04 File-URL: http://www.econpapers.uaa.alaska.edu/RePEC/ala/wpaper/ALA201504.pdf File-Format: Application/pdf Classification-JEL: D70, H41, D81, C93, C90 Keywords: experimental economics, field experiment, public goods, risk-pooling, resource sharing, team production, environmental economics, social dilemma Publication-Status: Published in PLoS ONE. 11(7): e0158940. July 21.